Abstract: In order to understand the composition and difference of microbial community structure in the environment of typical beach sediments in Qingdao, sediments in five classical beaches of Qingdao have been collected and the microbial community structure has been studied using high-throughput sequencing technique. The results showed that Proteobacteria were dominant in the sediment of five beaches. The PCoA analysis indicated that the microbial community composition was significantly different (p<0.05) between five sediments. By comparing with the pathogenic bacterial database, 13 genera of potential pathogenic bacteria were detected in the sediment environment of the five beaches, including 17 species of pathogenic bacteria. Among them, the relative abundance of vibrio is higher than that of other potential pathogenic bacteria, and the relative abundance is the highest in the third and golden beaches, which may cause certain environmental risks to the marine environmental ecology and marine farming.