Abstract: While promoting economic and social development, mariculture also brings a series of ecological and environmental problems. In view of the huge scale of mariculture and the prominent ecological and environmental problems of mariculture in China, in order to objectively evaluate the ecological risk faced by mariculture zones in China, based on the concept of whether cultured organisms can be cultivated and whether cultured products can be eaten safely, this paper constructs an ecological risk index evaluation method of mariculture zones by comprehensively considering the environmental quality risk, food safety risk, disease risk and red tide risk. This method extends the evaluation of mariculture zones from the environmental point of view to the ecological environment point, and provides a useful supplement for the evaluation method system of mariculture zones in China. The evaluation conclusion can provide support for the ecological risk control of mariculture zones in China.