Abstract: Microplastics (plastics with particle size less than 5 mm) have been caught increased attention because of their ubiquitous presence in global seas. As an emerging global environmental problem, marine microplastics pollution is listed by the United Nations Environment Program as the second major scientific problem in the field of environmental and ecological science. Marine microplastics are mainly derived from human activities on land, and coastal waters with dense population distribution have become the key area of marine microplastics research. In this study, 10 sampling stations were set up in the southern Qiongzhou Strait. A manta net with the mesh size of approximately 330 μm, was used for sampling, and Micro-Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (μFT-IR) was used to identify the components of microplastics. The index analyzed including shape, size, color, composition and abundance of microplastics. A total of 1450 pieces of microplastics were identified. Results showed that the abundance of microplastics in this area ranged from 0.08 to 1.70 items/m³, with an average abundance of (0.45±0.65) items/m³. The main shape of microplastics is fragment, accounting for 89.4% of the total microplastics. White and transparent/translucent microplastics accounted for 49.4% and 31.7% respectively. The main components of microplastics were polypropylene (39.0%), polystyrene (31.9%) and polyethylene (23.0%). This study described the occurrence and distribution characteristics of marine microplastics, and analyzed their potential sources, which is helpful to provide scientific support for marine microplastics prevention and control, and provide references for the management of marine plastic debris.