长江口−杭州湾海域金属基纳米颗粒：沉积物中赋存特征与生物积累

Occurrence characteristics in sediment and bioaccumulation for metal-based nanoparticles in the Yangtze River Estuary-Hangzhou Bay

    摘要
  • 摘要: 近岸海域金属基纳米颗粒（metal-based nanoparticles, MNPs）的环境暴露可能对海洋生物产生不良影响。然而，MNPs在近岸海域的赋存特征和尺寸分布仍有待解析，其在海洋生物的积累规律也不清晰。本研究使用单颗粒电感耦合等离子体质谱，分析了长江口−杭州湾海域29个采样点表层沉积物中铝、钛、铈、锌、铜、银基纳米颗粒（Al-NP、Ti-NP、Ce-NP、Zn-NP、Cu-NP、Ag-NP）的污染水平和尺寸分布。结果表明，长江口−杭州湾海域沉积物中金属基纳米颗粒的数量浓度从高到低依次是Al-NP、Ti-NP、Ce-NP、Zn-NP、Cu-NP、Ag-NP，其中Al-NP和Ce-NP的高浓度点位均集中在长江入海口。此外，针对年产量最大的Ti-NP和产品种类最多的Ag-NP，本研究定量表征了其在6种海洋软体动物和3种海洋鱼体内的污染水平和尺寸分布。结果表明，Ti-NP在软体动物和鱼类中的数量浓度（1012 particles/kg）（干重）高于Ag-NP（109 ～ 1011 particles/kg），Ti-NP、Ag-NP在软体动物中的粒径均值分别为（71.6 ± 4.5） nm和（37.2 ± 7.4） nm。通过计算MNPs在海洋软体动物中基于数量的生物−沉积物积累因子（number-based biota-sediment accumulation factors, NBSAF），发现Ag-NP的NBSAF为19.60 ± 8.93，而Ti-NP的NBSAF为0.98 ± 0.52。表明相比于Ti-NP，粒径较小的Ag-NP在软体动物中具有更强的生物积累性。本研究分析了沉积物和生物体中MNPs的污染水平和尺寸分布，结果可为评价MNPs的海洋生态风险提供基础数据和理论依据。

     

    Abstract: Environmental exposure of metal-based nanoparticles (MNPs) in coastal area may adversely affect marine organisms. However, the occurrence characteristics and size distributions of MNPs in coastal area remain to be analyzed, and their bioaccumulation pattern in marine organisms is unclear. In this study, pollution levels and size distributions of aluminium, titanium, cerium, zinc, copper, and silver-based nanoparticles (Al-NP, Ti-NP, Ce-NP, Zn-NP, Cu-NP, Ag-NP) in the surface sediments of 29 sampling sites in the Yangtze River Estuary-Hangzhou Bay were analyzed using single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results showed that the particle concentrations of MNPs in the sediments of the Yangtze River Estuary-Hangzhou Bay were Al-NP, Ti-NP, Ce-NP, Zn-NP, Cu-NP, Ag-NP in descending order, and the sites with high concentration of Al-NP and Ce-NP were concentrated in the Yangtze River Estuary, while there was no such a pattern for other MNPs. In addition, for the Ti-NP with the largest production volume and the Ag-NP with the widest range of products, this study quantitatively characterized their pollution levels and size distributions in six species of marine mollusks and three species of marine fishes. The results showed that the particle concentrations of Ti-NP in mollusks and fishes (1012 particles/kg, dry weight) were higher than that of Ag-NP (109 − 1011 particles/kg), and the mean particle sizes of Ti-NP, Ag-NP in mollusks were (71.6 ± 4.5) nm and (37.2 ± 7.4) nm, respectively. By calculating the number-based biota-sediment accumulation factors (NBSAF) of MNPs in marine mollusks, it was found that the NBSAF of Ag-NP was 19.60 ± 8.93, whereas the NBSAF of Ti-NP was 0.98 ± 0.52, suggesting that Ag-NP with a smaller particle size had stronger bioaccumulation in mollusks compared to Ti-NP. In this study, the pollution levels and size distributions of MNPs in sediments and organisms were analyzed. The results provided basic data and theoretical basis for evaluating the marine ecological risk of MNPs.

     

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