Abstract: Taking Haitan Island and its surrounding islands as study areas, an evaluation index system of the comprehensive carrying capacity of island group based on ecological environmental protection and socio-economic development was established. Using remote sensing image interpretation and GIS comprehensive evaluation methods, the spatial distribution of comprehensive carrying capacity of island groups is evaluated and the study area is divided into high capacity area, medium capacity area and low capacity area. The result shows that within the study area, the high capacity area accounts for 38.66%, most of which are distributed in the central part of Haitan Island and the coastal waters. The medium capacity area accounts for 53.81% and is distributed in the south of Haitan Island and its surrounding sea areas. The low capacity area only accounts for 7.53% and is distributed in the southern area of Haitan islands group and the coastal waters of Dongxiang Island. To reduce the ecological risk of urbanization and improve the comprehensive carrying capacity, from the perspective of sustainable development, regional development should scientifically and reasonably maintain the systematicness and connection of important ecological sources such as forest land and wetland; from the macro scale, cities and towns should be guided to gather together and actively prevent and effectively control the adverse consequences of urbanization.